Dr. Rajkumar Bishnoi, Consultant Neonatologist and Pediatrician at Paras Health, Udaipur, begins his detailed guidance about newborn care, expressing that while caring for a newborn in the hospital is often supported by doctors, nurses, and trained staff, the real challenge begins once the family takes the baby home. He says the initial 2–3 days are relatively easier due to hospital supervision, but after discharge, parents must independently manage several crucial aspects of newborn care at home.

Speaking on Gyan Manch, he starts with the most vital point: breastfeeding. Dr. Bishnoi strongly emphasizes that a newborn must be breastfed 8 to 10 times in 24 hours. This ensures the baby remains hydrated and receives essential nutrients. If, even after regular breastfeeding, the baby continues to cry or shows signs of discomfort, he recommends consulting a healthcare provider immediately.

Moving on, he explains the importance of hygiene to prevent infections. He advises keeping the baby in a clean room with hygienic bedding and clothing. He insists that anyone handling the baby must wash their hands thoroughly. If a family member is unwell—suffering from viral fever, cold, or any contagious infection—they should maintain distance from the baby. If interaction is necessary, they must wear a mask, sanitize hands, and take all precautions.

Dr. Bishnoi then focuses on immunization, stressing its role in strengthening the baby's immunity. He explains that the first set of vaccines begins right at birth, with further vaccines scheduled from one and a half months onwards. He notes that while many essential vaccines are provided at government hospitals, several important ones are also offered in private healthcare settings. He urges parents to follow the full vaccination schedule as prescribed.

Not stopping at the baby, he reminds that family members—especially the mother, father, or caregivers—should also get vaccinated against flu and other infections. Since newborns mostly stay at home, the risk of infection is usually from adults who go outdoors and may unknowingly bring back viral illnesses. By keeping themselves healthy, adults contribute significantly to the baby’s well-being.

Discussing daily routines, Dr. Bishnoi addresses common concerns, starting with bathing. He clarifies that there is no need to bathe a newborn for the first 7 to 10 days; sponge baths are sufficient during this period. After that, the baby can be bathed daily using lukewarm water and mild baby soap. He stresses that the bath should be gentle, quick, and well-prepared in advance to avoid exposure or stress for the baby.

Regarding clothing, he advises using clean, soft, and preferably washed clothes—even if they are brand new, they should be washed before using. He cautions that new clothes may contain dyes, preservatives, or chemical residues due to manufacturing and storage processes. Washing helps eliminate these irritants. Even hand-me-downs from elder siblings can be used, provided they are cleaned thoroughly to remove detergent residues, ensuring no irritation to the baby's delicate skin.

On baby skincare, Dr. Bishnoi suggests using fragrance-free, mild baby products. He clarifies that soap isn't necessary for everyday use—especially in newborns. Cleaning should focus on skin folds and the diaper area, and soap can be used occasionally.

Speaking of diapers, he shares that rashes are common and preventable. Diapers should be changed immediately after urination or passing of stool to avoid moisture build-up. He recommends applying a barrier cream each time and, if rashes appear, letting the baby remain diaper-free for short intervals to aid healing.

Addressing traditional practices, Dr. Bishnoi discusses the use of kajal (kohl). He advises against applying kajal to babies, warning that it can lead to eye infections, irritation, or allergic reactions—especially if applied with bare hands.

He then talks about oil massage—a cultural norm in many homes. While massage helps build mother-child bonding through touch and comfort, he asserts that oils or creams only serve as moisturizers and do not hold any magical health properties. He discourages forceful or aggressive massage techniques, including traditional practices like using iron utensils to remove fine body hair from the baby’s skin. He explains that these methods cause micro-trauma, cracks, redness, and may lead to infections or allergies.

According to Dr. Bishnoi, massages should be soft and preferably done by the mother or a trusted family member to reduce the risk of cross-infection.

He says families should thoughtfully evaluate every tradition—continuing only those supported by logic or scientific reasoning, and discarding harmful or irrational ones.

Next, he talks about baby sleep. He explains that newborns sleep 15 to 16 hours a day and typically wake only to feed, urinate, or pass stool. He advises parents to wake the baby every 3 hours for feeding to avoid dehydration. While many newborns tend to stay awake at night and sleep during the day, he cautions parents against rushing to change this pattern. Instead, he encourages them to adapt temporarily, allowing the baby to settle into a rhythm over time.

He emphasizes temperature control. Since newborns cannot regulate their body temperature, they must be dressed in 2–3 warm layers. The room should also be warm, ideally between 25°C to 30°C, to ensure the baby stays comfortable. During awake hours, skin-to-skin contact with the mother helps keep the baby warm. However, while sleeping, co-bedding (sleeping in the same bed) is discouraged for safety. Dr. Bishnoi insists that babies should have a separate sleeping space, especially when the caregiver is asleep.

On identifying serious health concerns, Dr. Bishnoi lays out red flags that require immediate medical attention. He says if a baby refuses to feed or is feeding less than usual, it may indicate serious illness. Similarly, if a baby has a fever or low body temperature, prompt consultation with a doctor is necessary. He reminds that newborns should typically have a pinkish skin tone—bluish discoloration signals trouble and should not be ignored.

He also discusses neonatal jaundice (peelia), common in the first 7 days. If the baby’s eyes or skin appear yellow, parents must visit the doctor immediately. Though mild jaundice is acceptable, elevated levels can impact the baby’s brain and health.

Lastly, he offers simple home-care suggestions. If the baby sneezes or has a blocked nose, nasal hygiene can be maintained using safe, pediatric-approved practices. However, if issues persist, medical consultation is essential.

Dr. Bishnoi concludes his talk by expressing hope that his advice proves useful. He encourages all parents to be observant, proactive, and compassionate caregivers.